民事司法中类推适用之类似性判断

Similarity Judgment of Analogical Reasoning in Civil Justice

类似性判定是类推适用的核心。后民法典时代,类似性的判定方法更能检验我国民事法律体系的健全程度,以及我国法官司法方法运用和发展的成熟度。传统的类似性判定理论在实质上仍然属于高度抽象的范畴,对司法实践助益有限。应当从初阶类似和高阶类似两个层面来构建更为客观且具备司法操作可能的类似性:初阶类似需要确定事实要素和结构关系的类似,高阶类似需要在价值判断和利益衡量一致的基础上判定评价类似,两者判断活动的完成即能够确证完整的类似性。无论是初阶类似和高阶类似,还是高阶类似中的价值判断和利益衡量,这些类似性判断活动的展开都是交织协同、往返流转的,并不具备明显的分层有序性。

The judgment of similarity is the core of analogical reasoning.In the post Civil Code era,the method of similarity judgment not only tests the soundness of China’s civil legal system,but also highlights the maturity of the application and development of judges’judicial methods.The traditional theory of similarity judgment is still highly abstract in nature,which is of limited help to judicial practice.We should build a more objective and possible judicial similarity from the two levels of primary similarity and high-order similarity:the primary similarity needs to determine the similarity of fact elements and structural relationship,and the high-order similarity needs to determine the evaluation similarity based on the consistency of value judgment and interest measurement,and the combination of the two can confirm the complete similarity.Whether it is the primary similarity and high-order similarity,or the value judgment and interest measurement in high-order similarity,these activities of similarity judgment are interwoven and coordinated,and they do not have obvious hierarchical order.