企业公开数据的法律保护:模式选择与实现路径

Legal Protection of Enterprise’s Open Data: Mode Selection and Implementation Path

非赋权模式难以周全保护处于公开状态且整体上缺少独创性的数据。基于数据的非排他性、非竞争性等属性,对企业公开数据也不宜采取绝对化的财产权赋权模式,应当通过有限度的柔性赋权模式将数据财产权的对抗性限于特定范围。对企业公开数据的柔性赋权具有理论基础、功能价值和现实需求。实践中,应在数据之上设立独立的权利,确立数据控制企业享有数据的使用收益等财产权益,同时通过强制许可、合理使用等制度限制其排他性。具体而言,应充分考量数据获取后的利用方式、数据获取的目的、数据获取是否对数据控制企业造成根本性影响以及数据的性质等因素。同时,应制定数据价格的修正原则,提高数据定价的合理性。

Non-authorization modes make it difficult to fully protect data that has no originality and is open to the public.Data is non-exclusive and non-competitive,so it is also not appropriate to adopt an absolute property authorization model for enterprise’s open data.The exclusive of data property rights should be limited to a specific scope through a flexible authorization model.The flexible authorization of enterprise’s open data has theoretical basis,functional value and realistic needs.In practice,independent rights should be established on the data,which means data control enterprises have the data property rights.Meanwhile,the exclusive of data property rights can be limited by the system of compulsory licensing and rational use.In particular,consideration factors should be taken of including how data is used after acquisition,the purpose of data acquisition,whether data acquisition has a fundamental impact on data control enterprises,and the nature of the data.At the same time,the amendment principle of data price should be formulated to improve the rationality of data pricing.