论附义务赠与合同中赠与人的救济

The Remedies of the Donor on the Contract of Gift with Obligation

义务为赠与合同之附款,通过受赠人给付义务的履行,以实现赠与人的赠与目的。附义务赠与,混合了赠与和义务的双重功能,但其重心仍在赠与,赠与之价值不宜低于义务之价值,且二者之间不构成交换关系。附义务赠与合同属单务有偿合同,赠与人不得援引履行抗辩权、合同解除等救济手段。作为赠与原因与信用原因的合并,赠与和义务之间具有因果性关联,赠与人必须已移转赠与物的所有权,才能主张救济,同时,仅需受赠人存在义务不履行之行为即可,无须主观归责。在受赠人不履行义务时,赠与人不仅可以主张违约责任救济,而且享有履行请求权和法定撤销权。《民法典》第663条的法定撤销权应做"解除"理解。

Obligation is a supplementary condition to the gift contract.The donor’s purpose of the donation will be achieved on the donee’s fulfillment of the obligations.The donation with conditional obligation has mixed the dual functions of donation and obligation.But it still focuses on donation,which requires that the value of donation should not be less than that of obligations,and that they two cannot constitute an exchange relationship.The gift contract subject to obligations is both unilateral and compensated,and the donor shall not invoke the remedy measures including the performance of right of defense and termination of the contract.As a combination of the donation reason and credit reason,there is a causal relationship between the donation and the obligation.The donor must have transferred the ownership of the donation in order to claim relief,while it only requires the donee’s failure to perform the obligation with no need for subjective imputation.When the donee fails to perform the obligations,the donor can not only claim liability and relief for breach of contract,but also has the right to perform the claim and the statutory revocation right,which in Article 663 of the Civil Code should be interpreted as"rescission".