新冠肺炎疫情中人体试验受试者自我决定权与公共利益的协同

Synergy of Self-determination Right and Public Interest of Human Subjects in the Epidemic of New Coronary Pneumonis

为了遏制新型冠状肺炎的传播,有必要开展疫苗和药物人体试验的研究。在此紧急情况下,仍然需要从康德哲学中的自由、自由主义哲学等哲学理念,以及传统"家父"主义和技术进步促进自由主义勃兴的社会学基础出发,探讨人体试验受试者自我决定权的理论基础。通过借鉴德国法上人体试验受试者自我决定权内容,确立我国新冠肺炎疫情中人体试验受试者自我决定权的基本内容。尊重人的自由与争取人的最大利益之间的不同是生命伦理学中存在的深刻冲突,所以,新冠肺炎人体试验受试者个人利益与社会公共利益也存在着冲突,不过,可以根据协同理论和生命伦理原则来实现二者的协同。

In order to curb the outbreak of new types of coronary pneumonia,the development of corresponding drugs will definitely involve human trials of patients.In this emergency situation,the self determination of human subjects still requires philosophical foundations from Immanuel Kant’s philosophy of freedom,liberalism,etc..In order to explore the theoretical basis of self-determination of human subjects in the epidemic situation of new coronary pneumonia,this paper discusses the sociological basis of the two aspects:the traditional"my father"doctrine and the technological progress promoting the rise of liberalism.The basis content of self-determination right of human subjects in the epidemic situation of new coronary pneumonia in China was established by referring to the content of self-determination right of human subjects in German law.The difference between respect for human liberty and pursuit of the best interests of man is a profound conflict in the bioethics,which can be understood as the principle of the conflict between the ethical principles of permissibility and beneficence.Then it analyzes the conflict between the interest of human subjects and the public interest,and applies the principles of bioethics to realize the synergy between the self-determination right of subjects and public interest.