我国民事诉讼中既判力时间范围的理论构建

Construction of the Time Range Theory of Res Judicata in Civil Procedure Law in China

《民诉法解释》在第247条和第248条中作出了关于既判力的规定,第247条为关于一事不再理的规定,第248条应当为关于既判力时间范围的一般性规定。根据大陆法系的既判力时间范围的理论,在事实审的口头辩论终结(标准时)前发生的攻击防御方法应被既判力的遮断效遮断而不能在后诉中主张,而在标准时之后发生的新的事由由于不受既判力的拘束力可以在后诉中主张。我国在民事诉讼法中尚未构建既判力制度体系,更没有关于既判力时间范围的体系化的认识。可借鉴德日韩等大陆法系国家既判力理论体系尝试构建符合我国民事诉讼法特征的既判力理论体系。

According to the Interpretation of the Supreme People’s Court on the Application of the Civil Procedure Law,article 247 and 248 are about the res judicata in China’s civil procedure law.Article 247 is for the non bis in idem and article 248 is for the general provision about the time range of res judicata.According to the time range theory of res judicata in civil law systems,what happened before the end of the oral debate in the trial of fact(standard time)should be blocked by res judicata and cannot be claimed in the later litigation.The new fact which happened after the standard time can be claimed in the later litigation.In China,we neither have a res judicata theoretical system,nor have a systematic understanding of the time range of res judicata.However,in the civil law countries like Germany,Japan and South Korea,they have a systematic theory of res judicata.We can learn from their experiences and construct the time range theory of res judicata in civil procedure law in China.