人力资本在反贫困中的效用:理论模型与实证分析

Anti-poverty: Strategy Transformation and Model Reconstruction:Analysis On the Role of Human Capital in Poverty Alleviation

过去,人们普遍用家庭经济收入作为度量贫困的标准。我国和很多发展中国家一样,一直将发展经济作为反贫困的根本目标。事实上,贫困不仅指物质的匮乏,还包括教育水平低下、知识和能力缺失等内涵。国际经验表明,发展经济对于消弥和缓解社会贫困具有一定的积极意义,但没有也不能真正消除社会贫困。本文认为,贫困与受教育程度密切相关,知识、能力和技能等人力资本提升在反贫困中的作用最大,可以挖了"穷根",是打破贫穷循环、真正消灭社会贫困的关键所在。通过教育培训等,使穷人获得有关知识技能,是我国未来反贫困最重要、最有效的途径之一。

In the past,people generally regarded family income as a measure of poverty standard.Many developing countries including our country have been regarding income poverty alleviation as the fundamental goal of Anti-poverty.In fact,the connotation of poverty not only refers to the lack of material,but also includes low levels of education,lack of knowledge and ability.International experience shows that economic development has positive meaning of alleviating poverty,but it cann’t really eliminate poverty.Research shows that human capital investment such as education and training plays the major role in poverty alleviation,and it can dig the roots of poverty,break the cycle of poverty,and eradicate the origin of poverty.Therefore,in the future,we should pay more attention to education and human capital investment,implementation of strategy transformation and reconstruction model of Antipoverty,which is an inevitable choice in Anti-poverty governance.