新一代信息技术产业联盟组合与创新能力研究

Research on New Generation of Information Technology Industry Alliance Portfolio and Innovation Capability

新一代信息技术产业的创新发展需要依托其产业内企业单元的创新实践,产业内的企业可以选择与外部组织建立多个联盟关系,形成联盟组合,以获取互补性资源、提高创新能力并建立竞争优势。构建联盟组合是企业解决创新实践中资源与能力需求的重要途径。然而,伴随着联盟组合高价值潜力的同时是其高失败率。本文以笔者主持的一项国家自然科学基金面上项目为基础,系统性梳理并总结了如何对联盟组合进行优势利导。首先,解构联盟组合,揭示出联盟组合本质上是一个包含多个联盟功能的核心企业的自我中心联盟网络,由内外双重因素双向驱动并由企业动态选择形成。其次,阐释联盟组合构型的各个维度及其与企业创新能力间的作用机制。进一步地,形成联盟组合治理的动态契合机制与框架,并解析联盟组合治理中外部政府力量及内部管理能力的重要作用。最后,提出了本文的主要研究贡献及未来的研究方向。

As one of the seven emerging industries of strategic importance,the new generation of information technology industry has become a new economic growth point in the Internet era.However,faced with the strong resource demand for innovation,it is difficult for a single enterprise to rely on its own resource reserves.Therefore,enterprises in the new generation of information technology industry choose to establish alliances with external organizations,and use the network effect between alliance portfolios to achieve resource complementarity,so as to cut costs,reduce risk,and increase innovation capabilities,and then gain competitive advantages.However,about half of the alliances in corporate alliance practice end in failure.How to properly utilize the alliance portfolios?How to get the most out of alliance portfolios?These are questions that need to be explored urgently.Therefore,we need to deconstruct the internal elements of the complex system of alliance portfolio,so that enterprises can profit from alliance portfolios,obtain external resources,and improve innovation capabilities.Firstly,previous studies have shown path dependence in the explanation of the causes of alliance portfolios,and no consensus has been reached.And,the research on alliance portfolio configuration has not been expanded from the perspective of innovation capabilities,and the influence mechanism of alliance portfolio configuration on the innovation capabilities of enterprises needs to be explored in depth.Then,previous studies failed to fully explain the impact of alliance portfolio governance capability on enterprise innovation capability.In response to the above research deficiencies,this paper closely following the development strategy of“cultivating emerging industries”proposed in the 12th Five-Year Plan,designs a research framework with“emergence-configurationgovernance”as the dominant logic for the alliance portfolios in the new generation of information technology industry,based on the relevant theories in the fields of emerging technology management and innovation management.It is found that the alliance portfolio is essentially a self-centered alliance network of core enterprises with multiple alliance functions,which is driven by internal and external factors and formed by the dynamic selection of enterprises.Based on the perspective of resources,social networks,social capital,and ambidextrous capabilities,there are different mechanisms between each dimension of alliance portfolio configuration and enterprise innovation capabilities.Furthermore,alliance portfolio governance is a dynamic process of strategy,organization and network fit,and it is necessary to build a multi-governance system of transactions,relationships and networks;The policy governance ability of government plays a pivotal role in the healthy development of the industrial alliance;The alliance portfolio management capability can play the role of the resource pool of the alliance portfolio and provide enterprises with the necessary quantity and quality of innovation resources.The innovations of this paper include the following dimensions:Firstly,it places the research topic of alliance portfolio in the context of the new generation of information technology industry,and combine the characteristics of the new generation of information technology industry to deconstruct the alliance portfolio,showing a more comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the alliance portfolio;Secondly,it constructs a matching model between alliance portfolio configuration and innovation capabilities,focuses on the influence mechanism of alliance portfolios on enterprise innovation capabilities,and constructs the selection model of alliance partners;Finally,it theoretically explains the dynamic framework of the new generation of information technology industry alliance portfolio governance and the alliance portfolio governance ability,and expands the theoretical research on the innovation capabilities improvement mechanism.In addition,this paper has important implications for the new generation of information technology enterprises to understand the nature of alliance portfolios,understand the positive significance that alliance portfolios may bring,find alliance partners based on different strategies,and improve the flexibility and response speed of alliance portfolios through alliance governance.Future research has the following directions:Firstly,relying on the development of the digital economy,we could further analyze the opportunities and challenges of the development of alliance portfolios under the digital economy,and explore important topics such as how to coordinate the common strategic goals of alliance partners,how to activate the relative advantages of alliance partners,how to tap alliance portfolio network resources,how to resist uncertain risks,and how to obtain complementary resources;Secondly,further attention should be paid to the competition and cooperation interaction in the alliance portfolio,and how to achieve the strategic goals in the tension between competition and cooperation;Finally,we could further leverage the role of the alliance portfolio as a driving force for innovation and explore whether the alliance portfolios can help to overcome the technical difficulties of“stuck neck”and the specific implementation path.