突发公共事件下的员工远程办公——进展与未来展望

Telecommuting in the Context of Public Emergency Events:Progress and Future Prospects

突发公共事件极大地加快了企业远程办公的进度。为了进一步了解突发公共事件对企业远程办公的影响,本文梳理了2020年初至今远程办公的最新研究,并与之前的研究结果进行了对比、回顾、评述和展望。首先,从相关学科重要的中英文期刊中甄选出59篇主题相关文章,回顾并比较了突发公共事件发生前后的研究进展。其次,本文阐释了突发公共事件发生前后远程办公的内涵演变,并比较了对员工身心健康和工作表现影响结果的异同,进而基于组织行为的情境理论,构建了突发公共事件下的员工远程办公作用机制和影响效果框架图。最后,本文探讨了当前突发公共事件下远程办公的研究方向。

In late 2019,the world was suddenly hit by the public emergency events,one of the biggest public emergency events during the 21st century,which had a significant impact on both people’s daily lives and productivity.One notable change was the widespread implementation of“stay-at-home orders”by governments worldwide,leading to the adoption of telecommuting as a response to the crisis.Not only technology companies like IBM and Microsoft,but also numerous manufacturing and service industries,shifted to reduced on-site workforces or fully embraced telecommuting models.Many cases and data indicate that public emergency events greatly accelerated the progress of telecommuting for businesses.The meaning of telecommuting underwent substantial changes during public emergency events,resulting in different effects on employees’physical and mental health,as well as their job performance.Therefore,this study deems it necessary to review postpandemic research on telecommuting and compare it with studies conducted before the pandemic.The goal is to identify new knowledge generated and provide directions for future research.This article aims to summarize relevant post-pandemic research and address the following three questions:Firstly,what changes occurred in the meaning of telecommuting before and after public emergency events?Secondly,how does the impact of telecommuting on employees differ before and after public emergency events?Thirdly,what are the future research directions for telecommuting?To answer these questions,we initially selected relevant papers published in 38 major English and Chinese journals,categorizing them by year and topic.Subsequently,we reviewed the development of the conceptual framework of telecommuting and defined the concept of telecommuting within the context of public emergency events.Thirdly,based on the situational theory of organizational behavior,we integrated and summarized research on the impact of telecommuting before and after public emergency events,highlighting both similarities and differences.Furthermore,we provided an outlook on telecommuting research in the post-pandemic era.Firstly,at the telecommuting selection level,further exploration can be conducted to uncover the different psychological mechanisms behind voluntary and involuntary telecommuting.Secondly,at the work-family interaction level,it is worth investigating the positive effects of remote work for dual-earner households,as well as exploring remote work in other family structures such as single-parent households.Lastly,with the continuous advancement of artificial intelligence technology,it is important to examine its potential facilitation or hindrance to remote work progress.What specific impacts will artificial intelligence have on telecommuting employees?These areas require further investigation in the future.