莫高窟第323窟设计意涵探析:基于佛教菩萨戒仪式的视角观察

Analysis of the Design Implication of Cave 323 of Mogao Grottoes:Based on Observations from the Perspective of Buddhist Bodhisattva Ordination Rituals

莫高窟第323窟是唐代的“原创性”洞窟,其壁画内容可反映出佛教授菩萨戒的基本仪式,主要有设置坛场、请师、问遮忏悔、宣说戒律。莫高窟第323窟东壁门上的慈氏菩萨为教授师;无量寿佛为得戒和尚;窟顶四披及南、北、东上部的千佛为证戒师;南北壁下方十四身等身菩萨为同学伴侣。东壁门两侧的戒律画则是为了宣说戒律、起警示作用。

Cave 323 in Mogao Grottoes is an“original”cave of the Tang Dynasty,and its mural content reflects the basic rituals of Buddhist Bodhisattva precepts ceremony,including setting up the altar,inviting the teacher,confessing and repenting,and preaching the precepts.The Bodhisattva Cishi on the east wall of Cave 323 is the teacher who explians the precepts,the Buddha of Immeasurable Life represents the preceptor who prisides the ordination,the four draped figures on the top of the cave and the thousand Buddhas on the north,south,and east upper parts serve as witnesses to the precepts,and the fourteen life-size Bodhisattvas on the lower parts of the north and south walls represent fellow students and companions.The precepts painting on both sides of the eastern door is to preach the precepts and serve as a warning.