论义天入宋与新罗、高丽佛教文献之西传

On the Westward Transmission of Silla and Goryeo Buddhist Literatures to China:Based on the Records of Daegak Guksa Anthology-Outer Collection as the Clue

在东亚佛典交流史上,以往我们了解更多的是,中国佛教文献在韩、日等东亚国家的传播,相反,对这些国家的佛教文献如何传入中国,以及它们在中国的传播与影响则关注不多。实际上,任何形式的文化交流应该都是双向的、相互的。因此,我们在了解中国佛教文献东传的同时,也应该注意韩、日等东亚国家佛教文献传入中国的现象。本文基于这一认识,以高丽义天文集《大觉国师文集·外集》为线索,探讨指出:由义天传入中国的新罗、高丽佛教文献有玄一《法华经疏》、太贤《法华经古迹记》、元晓《楞伽经疏》、崔致远《法藏和尚传》,以及李䫨《夹注金刚经》《断疑金刚经》《金刚经集解》、李颋的《李相国诗集》,乃至义天自己的著作《义天录》《圆宗文类》以及《刊定成唯识论单科》等,共计十一种。这些文献的西传是义天与净源、有诚、元照、明智、法邻、道亨等宋僧交往的结果,反映出北宋佛教的“向外学习”意识以及朝鲜半岛佛教对中国佛教的“反哺”现象,加深了我们对东亚佛典交流的认识。

What we has definitely known about the history of exchange of Buddhist Scriptures in East Asia is always related to the widespread of Chinese Buddhist literature in East Asian countries like Korea and Japan.However,few has paid attention to the way how the Buddhist literatures in these countries was transmitted to China and its influences.Actually,it should be noted that any types of cultural exchange can be bidirectional and interactive.So when searching for more knowledge about the spread of Chinese Buddhist Scriptures in East Asia,we should also place more emphasis on transmissions of the Buddhist literature of other East Asian countries including Korea,Japan and so forth.Based on this understanding,this paper discusses the Silla and Goryeo Buddhist literatures that were introduced into China by Goryeo,taking the records of Goryeo Uicheon’s anthology,Daegak Guksa Anthology-Outer Collection as a clue.It points out that the literatures introduced into the Northern Song dynasty and the Northern Liao dynasty by Uicheon(义天)at least include Xuan Yi’s Commentaries of Lotus Sutra,Tai Xian’s Lotus Sutra Historical Relics,Yuan Xiao’s Commentaries of Lankavatara-sutra,Cui Zhiyuan’s Master Fa-zang Biography,and Li Ao’s Interspersed Annotation of Diamond Sutra,Disconnecting suspicion of Diamond Sutra,and Diamond Sutra Collection Explanation,and even Uicheon’s works Document of Uicheon,Yuan Zong Wen Lei and Kan Ding Cheng-wei-shi-lun Dan Ke.If Li Ting’s Collection of Poems by Prime Minister Lee is included,the total number is 11.The background and course of the westward transmission of these literatures are different,but they are all related to Uicheon,reflecting the contacts between Uicheon and monks of the Northern Song Dynasty,such as Jing Yuan,You Cheng,Yuan Zhao,Ming Zhi,Fa Lin and Dao Heng.Especially,the westward biography of Li Ao and Li Ting’s works may be related to the origin of familial relationship of Uicheon and the whole Li family.Through the study of this paper,we can deepen our understanding of the exchange of Buddhist Scripture in East Asia.