早期佛教经典中的菩萨思想

The Idea of Bodhisattva in Early Buddhist Scriptures

本文主要试图解决三个问题:一是在早期佛教经典《阿含经》中,“菩萨”一词的本义考察以及对“菩萨”词义的演变考察;二是将《阿含经》及南传《尼柯耶》的“菩萨道”进行简单的比较;三是对《阿含经》的菩萨法思想进行深入的解析。通过这些分析与对比,试图得出结论:1.即便在《阿含经》中,“菩萨”的词义也是处于不断演进之中的;2.北传的《阿含经》与南传的《尼柯耶》皆有菩萨道思想,二者既有共性,也有各自的特点;3.通过对北传《阿含经》的深入分析,共总结出八个方面的菩萨法思想。通过论述,笔者认为早期佛教经典既是大乘菩萨思想的渊源之一,也给后世大乘佛教的演进与弘扬提供了广阔的发展空间。

This paper mainly tries to solve three problems:First,is to investigate the original meaning of the word“Bodhisattva”and its evolution in Agama Sutra of the early Buddhist Scriptures;The second,is to make a simple comparison between the“Bodhisattva-carya”in the Agama Sutra and the Nikaya.The third is to deeply analyze the thought of Bodhisattva-carya in Agama Sutra.Through these analyses and comparisons,the author tries to draw the following conclusions:1.Even Agama Sutra,the meaning of“Bodhisattva”is in constant evolution;2.There are thoughts of Bodhisattva-carya in the Agama Sutra of the Northern Buddhism and the Nikaya of the Southern Buddhism,both of which have similarities and their own characteristics.3.Through the in-depth analysis of Agama Sutra,eight aspects of Bodhisattva-carya thoughts are concluded.Through these discussions,the author holds that the early Buddhist Scriptures are not only one of the sources of Mahayana Bodhisattva thought,but also provide a broad space for the evolution and promotion of Mahayana Buddhism in later generations.