改革开放以来宋代僧官制度研究的回顾与展望

The Retrospect and Prospect of the Research on the Monk Offcial System in Song Dynasty Since Reform and Opening Up

僧官制度作为中国佛教与中国古代政治制度结合的产物,是中国政教关系的重要组成部分。宋代是中国僧官制度演变与发展的重要时期。在这一时期,宋代宗教管理机构官僚化倾向加剧,僧官制度逐渐沦为官僚机构控制佛教的工具。同时宋代僧尼冗滥局面空前绝后,僧官制度世俗化倾向加剧,影响了僧官体制的有效运行。这一结果是宋代社会阶级结构变化、专制统治加剧以及宗教政策官僚化等多种因素造成的。本文在搜集整理国内外学者研究的基础上,试图从宋代僧官制度与政教关系研究、宋代僧官职位设置及隶属机构研究、宋代僧官选授与赐封制度研究等角度,对宋代僧官制度研究的学术史进行梳理,旨在描述宋代僧官制度研究现状和发展趋势。

The monk official system,as a product of the combination of Chinese Buddhism and ancient Chinese political systems,is an important part of the relationship between Chinese state and church.The Song Dynasty was an important period in the evolution and development of the Chinese monk official system.During this period,the bureaucratic tendency of religious management agencies in Song Dynasty intensified,and the monk offcial system gradually reduced to a tool for the bureaucracy to control Buddhism.At the same time,the monks and nuns were overwhelmed in the Song Dynasty,and the secularization of the monk offcial system was intensified,which afected the efective operation of the monk offcial system.This result was caused by various factors such as changes in the social class structure,religious policies,and the intensification of totalitarian politics in the Song Dynasty.Based on the research of scholars at home and abroad,this article attempts to study the monk offcial system in the Song Dynasty from the perspectives of the Song Dynasty monk offcial system and the relationship between politics and religion,the Song Dynasty monk official position setting and subordinate institutions,and the Song Dynasty monk offcial selection and grant system.The academic history of the author is combed to describe the current situation and development trend of the research on the monk offcial system in the Song Dynasty.