楚山绍琦的两种念佛禅——浅析明初禅净互动的一则案例

Two Ways of Nianfo Chan Taught by Chushan Shaoqi:A Case Study on the Interaction Between the Chan Sect and the Pure Land Sect in Early Ming Dynasty

楚山绍琦是明初四川地区颇具影响力的禅师。他在与弥陀净土信仰者的交流中,显示出极强的禅宗本色。他开示了两种不同的念佛禅:其一是参话头的一种特例;其二是空观念佛的一种变式。可看作楚山绍琦从禅宗本位对净土念佛法门的重构。楚山绍琦关于净土信仰的表述,既是对宋元之际禅净双修潮流的省思,又是对早期禅宗思想特色的复归。两种不同的念佛禅,从不同角度阐明了楚山绍琦关于净土往生和念佛法门的独特观点。

Chushan Shaoqi was famous as a Linji Chan master with a profound influence in Sichuan reign in the early Ming Dynasty(1368-1644).He is generally seen by modern scholars as an important figure who proposed the practice of combining the Chan tradition with the Pure Land belief.Chushan showed the true quality of the Chan Sect by communicating with the Amitabha practitioners.He imparted two types of Nianfo Chan:the first is a special case of Chanhuatou;the second is a variant of Nanfo in terms of medidating on emptiness,which can be seen as Chu Shan Shaoqi's reconstruction of the Pure Land Buddhism from the Chann standard.Chu Shan Shaoqi's statement on the belief in pure land is not only a reflection on the trend of dual cultivation of Chan and Pure Land between the Song and Yuan dynasties(960-1368),but also a return to the characteristics of early Chan thought.The two diferent kinds of Nianfo Chan clarified Chu Shan Shaoqi's unique viewpoints on rebirth to the Pure Land and Nianfo from diferent angles.