中国的人口国民化研究

A Study on the Nationalization of China’s Population

国民是社会人口与国家关系中构建起来的一种社会政治身份,也是一种对现代国家、现代社会具有奠基意义的社会政治机制。中国于近代形成民族国家议题尤其是开启现代国家的构建后,将历史上形成的臣民转化为国民就成为不可或缺的社会政治过程,一路相伴而行并提供着基础性的支撑。新中国成立后,人口国民化以一种特殊的方式推进,并在改革开放后为现代化快速推进提供了积极的社会行动者。脱离了人口国民化这一重要的社会政治过程,尤其是由其塑造的国民身份,中国现代国家构建及其在此框架下的社会构建和发展都是不可想象的。今天,中国以独特的方式实现了快速发展,完成了由传统农业文明向现代工业文明的转型,在对自身文明进行重新塑造,并走进世界舞台中心的进程中,进一步的人口国民化并塑造相应的国民,仍是一个十分重要的社会政治进程。

The national is a social and political identity constructed in the relationship between the social population and the state,and it is also a social and political mechanism with foundation significance for the modern state and society.After China forming a nation-state issue in modern times,especially after starting the construction of a modern state,the transformation of historical subjects into nationals became an indispensable socio-political process,which accompanied all the way and provided basic support.After the founding of the People’s Republic of China,the nationalization of the population was promoted in a special way,and it provided active social actors for the rapid advancement of modernization after the reform and opening up.Without the important social and political process of population nationalization,especially the national identity shaped by it,the construction of China’s modern state and its social construction and development under this framework are unimaginable.Today,China has achieved rapid development in a unique way and completed the transformation from traditional agricultural civilization to modern industrial civilization.In the process of reshaping its own civilization and entering the center of the world stage,it is still a very important social and political process to further nationalize the population and shape the corresponding nationals.