镜与我:对话的双重性——试论比较文学中的“自我与他者”及“自我与自我”

The Miror and the I:The Duality of Dialogue——On“Self and Other”and“Self and Ego”in Comparative Literature

本文意欲探讨比较文学中的对话问题。首先将会从现代性的角度对比较文学学科的背景做一个探讨,从历史与背景的角度看“对话”的可能。然后,笔者将以“镜中我”为喻探讨对话的重要性,以及“自我”和“他者”的生成关系。最后,笔者指出并非只有他者才能成为“镜”,“自我”的内部亦充满了异质与缝隙,并以华语语系作为主要论述对象进行论述,通过分析史书美与王德威的理论以及他们之间的分歧,指出在用“华语文学”/“华语语系”去相对所谓的“西方话语”时,必须关注到它本身内部各种复杂的权力关系,比较并非将两种文本并置静态地看待文字背后的差异,而是探究其动态的关系。

The purpose of this article is to explore the issue of dialog in comparative literature.Firstly,I will discuss the background of the discipline of comparative literature from the perspective of modernity,and look at the possibility of“dialog”from the perspective of history and background.Then,the author will use the metaphor of“I in the mirror”to discuss the importance of dialog,and the generative relationship between“self”and“other”.Finally,the author points out that not only the other can be the“mirror”,but also the“self”is full of heterogeneity and gaps.Taking the Chinese language family as the main object of discussion,the author points out that in the use of“Chinese language”,“I”is not only a mirror,but also a mirror of the other,Through the theories of Shi Shumei and Wang Dewei and the differences between them,it is pointed out that in comparing the so-called“Western discourse”with“Sinophone Literature”,attention must be paid to the complex power relations within itself,and that the comparison is not a static view of the two kinds of texts.The comparison is not to juxtapose the two texts and look at the differences behind the words in a static manner,but to explore their dynamic relationships.