《吉尔伽美什》与《荷马史诗》生死观比较——从主人公与亡魂对谈出发

A Comparison Between Gilgamesh and Homer Epic Views on Life and Death——From the Conversations with the Dead

《吉尔伽美什》与《荷马史诗》与亡魂对谈的情节皆展现出原始时期先民们对于彼岸世界的想象和对生命的思考。面对死亡,《吉尔伽美什》中通过恩奇都的亡魂,讲述了彼岸世界的情形,表现出对于死亡的惶恐。而《荷马史诗》中通过奥德修斯与诸多亡魂的对谈,表现出古希腊人对于生命价值的重视和对死亡的坦然。面对生命,《吉尔伽美什》通过认知与探索得出死亡的必然性。而《荷马史诗》认为个体价值的彰显是达到永恒的方式,英雄们都在践行这一观念。总的来说,《吉尔伽美什》中的生死观表现出对于生与死对立同体的思考,是人与自然初步分离时期朦胧的自我意识的觉醒。而《荷马史诗》中的生死观则表现出古希腊人更为强烈的主体意识。

The plots of Gilgamesh and Homer Epic talking with the dead both show the imagination of the ancestors for the other world and their thoughts on life in the primitive period.In the face of death,Gilgamesh tells the situation of the other world through the ghost of Enkidu,showing the fear of death.In Homer Epic,Odysseus talks with many dead souls,showing that the ancient Greeks attach importance to the value of life and calm to death.Facing life,Gilgamesh draws the inevitability of death through cognition and exploration.Homer Epic,on the other hand,believes that the manifestation of individual worth is the way to eternity,and the heroes practice this idea.In general,the view of life and death in Gilgamesh reflects the reflection on the opposites of birth and death,which is the awakening of hazy self-consciousness in the initial separation period between man and nature.The view of life and death in Homer Epic showed the Greeks’stronger subject consciousness.