如画美·风景媒介·感知风景:风景美学的研究转向

Scenic Beauty,Landscape as Medium,Perceiving the Landscape:A Shift in Landscape Aesthetics Research

风景美学的研究发轫于18世纪英国的“如画美”研究,这种研究方法将风景视为客观静止之物,揭示人类对其进行改善或者将其与艺术作品进行比照的活动。W.J.T.米切尔在20世纪风景阐释学的基础上提出,风景是动态的媒介,塑造身份、制造记忆、创建秩序、激发情感等活动都可以经由风景媒介来实现。段义孚与行走人类学的风景美学从人的主观知觉和情感出发,强调人对自然的感知和人与风景的融合共生。由此观之,风景美学研究经历了将风景视作客体—中介—人与风景共在的演变过程。

The study of landscape aesthetics began with the 18th-century English research on“scenic beauty”,which considered landscapes as objective entities and uncovered human activities related to enhancing them or comparing them to works of art.W.J.T.Mitchell proposed on the basis of 20th century landscape hermeneutics that scenery is a dynamic medium.Landscapes could shape identity,create memories,establish order,and evoke emotions through the medium of landscapes.The landscape aesthetics of Duan Yifu and the Landscape Aesthetics of Walking Anthropology started from the subjective perception and emotions of people,emphasizing human perception and attachment to nature.Thus,the study of landscape aesthetics has gone through an evolution,considering landscapes as objects,intermediaries,and shared experiences between humans and landscapes.