反思现代自我——论艾丽丝·默多克的文学哲学思想

自我概念是现代哲学和文学理论探讨的重要问题,也是艾丽丝·默多克的哲学思想与文学实践的出发点和落脚点。默多克考察现代哲学对实体性自我的解构及其后果,分析现代小说再现自我的困境,尝试挽救现代自我的危机,形成了独特的道德哲学思想。结合默多克考察现代哲学和现代小说中自我危机的系列论述,文章探讨她对现代自我危机的哲学反思、对现代小说之再现困境的文学诊断,凝练默多克挽救现代自我的文学和哲学努力。文章指出,通过批判现代哲学提供的还原性的自我概念,挑战现代文学刻画的不真实的自我形象,重构自我、语言和世界的关联,默多克重构了实体性自我,强调了文学艺术的道德性。

The self concept has been a core issue of modern philosophies and literary theories,and constitute the departure and destination of Iris Murdoch’s philosophical reflections and literary practices.Murdoch explores the deconstruction of substantial self in modern philosophies and its subsequent consequence,analyzes representational predicament of the self in modern fictions,and makes efforts to rescue modern self out of trouble,thus forming unique moral philosophy.Combining Murdoch’s essays upon the self crisis in moderm philosophies and fictions,this paper explores her philosophical reflection upon modern self,her literary diagnosis of representational predicament in modern fictions,and refines her philosophical and literary efforts of rescuing modern self.This paper points out that,Murdoch reconstructs substantial self and emphasizes the morality of literary and arts through criticizing the reductionist self provided by modern philosophies,challenging the untruthful self represented by modern fictions,and reconnecting the self,language and the world.