见证不可被见证的历史——《百年孤独》中的大屠杀书写

哥伦比亚作家马尔克斯的小说《百年孤独》通过讲述布恩迪亚家族的兴衰,探讨了拉丁美洲社会发展过程中的种种现象,展现了拉丁美洲本土文化面对外来现代性时产生的文化杂糅。马尔克斯以悲观的笔触向跨国资本主义发出呐喊,其中工人大屠杀的情节尤为突出,是本土与外来、前现代与现代、被压迫者与压迫者矛盾长期积累的结果。本研究从见证伦理的三个层面展开分析。幸存的工人是大屠杀的亲历者,大众的回避与否认使大屠杀成了一段不可被见证的历史。马尔克斯通过对香蕉公司历史的揭露,实践了见证伦理的最高层面,即对见证过程的见证,重述了这段被扭曲的历史,维护了被压迫者的正义。

This research studies the plot of the Macondo massacre in the Colombian writer Gabriel Garcia Mdrquez’s novel One Hundred Years of Solitude from three perspectives of the witness ethics.The massacre,which is the result of a long-term accumulation of conflicts between the native and the foreign,the premodern and the modern,the oppressed and the oppressor.It took the rise from the arrival of the American banana company,broke out after the workers’strike and resistance and finally became an unwitnessable history due to the masses’evasion and denial.Gabriel Garcia Márquez retells the distorted history of the Colombian workers’strike and defends the justice of the oppressed people through the highest level of the witness ethics,which is the witness of the whole witnessing process.