经济思想史中的斯拉法——新古典主义理论中的生产成本

Sraffa in the History of Economic Thought:Production Costs in Neoclassical Theory

在20世纪20年代,斯拉法对马歇尔经济学进行了一场著名的批判。斯拉法的文章和罗宾逊夫人以及张伯伦的著作掀起了一轮不完全竞争分析的潮流。本文聚焦于斯拉法对马歇尔经济学中生产理论的批判。第一,本文回顾了斯拉法文章的背景,包括经济学的方法论争论。第二,本文重点分析了斯拉法如何在逻辑上拆解了马歇尔经济学。斯拉法的文章从规模收益规律和完全竞争条件的分析入手,揭示了新古典主义经济理论的错误。第三,通过对斯拉法文章的分析,我们可以看到那些通向《用商品生产商品》——日后斯拉法最重要作品——的思想萌芽。

It is famous that Sraffa launched a critique upon Marshallian economics in the 1920s.Sraffa's paper along with Joan Robinson's and Chamberlin's monographs rendered imperfect competition analysis popular.This paper focuses on Sraffa's critique on the production theory of Marshallian Economics.Firstly,this paper introduces the intellectual background of the publication of Sraffa's paper,including the debate of methodology in economics.Secondly,this paper highlights how Sraffa's paper logically demolishes Marshallian economics.Through analyzing the law of returns to scales and the conditions of perfect competition,it exposes the mistakes of Neoclassical economics.Thirdly,Sraffa's paper in the 1920s has contained the elements which eventually leads to Production of Commodities by Means of Commodities,the most important work of Sraffa.