王艮道德主体原则的向度

Discussion on the Moral Subjectivity Principle Proposed by Wang Gen

宋明儒学中道德主体原则体现了其理心见性的重要特质,内蕴于儒学的心性论与道德践履的体系构建之中,尤指人在道德实践中主体性的生发。明儒学者王艮的心学自然也体现了道德主体原则的层次与内容,以个体性价值的“身”作为道德修养的基础,通过尊身爱身的道德践履进而明确表达主体行为自觉的动力,并将反躬内求的路向融入乐学成圣关系的论述,体现出主体自我觉解的意识与能力。而主体意志对其行为选择的完全主宰,亦以王艮正己物正以达万物一体的修身工夫表现出来。

The moral subjectivity principle in the Confucianism of Song and Ming Dynasties embodies the significant characteristics of the theory of moral nature and practice,being implicit in the system construction of Confucianism’s theory of temperament and moral practice,especially in the cultivation of human subjectivity in moral practice.Taking the“self”of individual value as the foundation of moral cultivation,Wang Gen,a scholar of Ming Confucianism,in his philosophy of mind(Xinxue)naturally demonstrates the levels and content of moral subjectivity principle,clearly expresses the motivation of self-conscious behavior of the subject through the moral practice of respecting and loving self,and displays the consciousness and ability of the self-awareness and understanding by integrating the internal seeking into the discussion on the relationship between being studious and being sages.Meanwhile,subjective will dominating all the choices-making completely also provides a specific manifestation of his self-cultivation endeavor to achieve the unity of all things.