论物业服务人的法律地位

On the Legal Status of Property Service Provider

《民法典》优化了物业服务制度,确认了物业服务人的法律地位。首先,物业服务人作为“服务者”,依照物业服务合同,对建筑物及其附属设施的维修养护、公共区域环境卫生的清扫等负有管护义务;其次,物业服务人构成“管理者”,享有对可能侵害全体业主共同利益的业主或者第三人进行管理的资格,物业服务人的管理权限源自全体业主的共同管理权,于此,业主应当配合物业服务人的管理;最后,物业服务人亦表现为行政法意义上的“辅助管理者”,在行政法层面,行政机关以物业服务人为行政命令的对象,指令其配合实施应急处置措施和其他管理措施,此时,业主均应服从物业服务人的管理。

The Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China optimizes the property service system and further enriches the legal status of property service providers.First of all,as a“service provider”,the property service provider is responsible for the maintenance of buildings and ancillary facilities,and the management of environmental sanitation in public areas in accordance with the property service contract.Secondly,the property service provider constitutes a“manager”and is qualified to manage the owners or third parties who may infringe on the common interests of all owners.The management authority of the property service provider comes from the common management right of all owners,so the owner should cooperate with the property service provider in management.Finally,the property service provider also acts as an“auxiliary manager”in the sense of administrative law.At the level of administrative law,the administrative organs take the property service provider as the object of administrative orders and instruct them to cooperate in the implementation of emergency measures and other management measures.At this time,the owners should obey the management of the property service provider.