从形式描述到意义解读——论尼尔森的非自然叙事理论

From Formalist Description to Meaning Interpretation:On Henrik Skov Nielsen’s Unnatural Narrative Theory

亨利克·斯科夫·尼尔森的非自然叙事理论并非只是停留在纯粹的形式描述层面,同样关注了非自然叙事的意义解读。在界定非自然叙事时,尼尔森同时考虑到非自然叙事作为一种特殊叙事形式的美学价值和读者的理解问题,强调非自然叙事对叙事形式边界的拓展,并由此提出非自然化阅读策略,认为读者在理解非自然叙事时应当跳出基于经验生活的种种认知框架,拒绝将文本自然化为一种对真实生活的再现,以获得新颖的批评洞见。尼尔森的非自然叙事学是在叙事形式不断拓展的宏观语境中得以逐步确立的,其基于非自然叙事而建构的叙事诗学同样能够反向阐释那些在修辞形式上呈现出新特征的叙事实践,并由此在更深层次上对理解文学史的发展提供一种形式论意义上的视角。

Henrik Skov Nielsen’s unnatural narrative theory not just remains at the level of pure formalist description.It also pays attention to the ways of interpreting unnatural narratives.While defining unnatural narrative,Nielsen considers both unnatural narrative’s formalist aesthetics and readers’interpretation of it at the same time,emphasizing its feature of expanding the boundary of narrative forms.He then proposes“unnaturalizing reading”,advocating that readers should jump out of the existing cognitive frames based on experiential lives and refuse to naturalize fictional texts to the representation of real lives so as to gain fresh critical insights.Nielsen’s unnatural narratology establishes in the broader context that narrative forms undergoes constant expansion.His narrative poetics based unnatural narratives in return can interpret those narrative practices with new rhetorical forms and offer a kind of formalist perspective for understanding the development of literary history.