集句:宋元话本小说中韵文的知识特性及其小说功能

Cento: The Categorizing Feature and Fictional Function of Verse in the Vernacular Stories of the Song and Yuan Dynasties

在宋元话本小说中,集句诗词既可以作为入话和头回,用在小说的起始部分,同时也广泛地存在于其他部分的韵文中。从表演形式和内容看,话本小说中的集句表演和宋元时期的"合生"应该有颇为密切的渊源。从类别看,话本小说中的集句可以分为显性集句和隐性集句。立足于观众对相关韵文的熟悉度,说话艺人对自身韵文知识的分类以及不同方式的运用,是形成显性集句和隐性集句的根本原因,附着在话本小说中的集句表演也因此构成了一种雅文学独特的知识传播形式。基于宋元话本小说中韵文套语的普遍性,我们可以将"集句"视为小说中韵文的一个普遍特征,理论上说,所有的韵文都是集句的对象,而所有的韵文也都可以通过集句的方式生成。

In the vernacular stories of the Song and Yuan dynasties,centos of poems or ci-poems not only appear in the beginning of the story as a lead-in,but also widely exist in the rhymed texts of other parts.Judging by its content and form,the performance of centos is closely related to the art form of hesheng(a form of rhyme created upon sighting anything)in the Song and Yuan Dynasties.According to the audience’s familiarity with the rhymed text,and the story-teller’s categorization of knowledge and utilization of techniques,the centos in the story-telling scripts can be classified into explicit and implicit centos.Thus,the performance of centos,based on the story scripts,become a special way to promote refined literature.Drawing on the pervasive verse in the vernacular stories of the Song and Yuan dynasties,centos can be considered as a common feature of the rhymed texts in stories.Technically,all the centos may come from rhymed texts,which,in turn,can be composed by gathering centos.