《哈姆雷特》隐性冲突话语中的语用身份选择

Pragmatic identity Selection in Hamlet’s Implicit Conflict Talk

近年来,语用身份及隐性冲突话语都是备受关注的研究话题,但鲜有将二者结合起来的研究,因此,笔者从语用身份论出发,以《哈姆雷特》中的隐性冲突话语为语料,探讨在交际过程中,说话人如何选择语用身份,取得何种交际效果,以及为何如此选择身份。本文运用定性分析和语料分析来探讨《哈姆雷特》隐性冲突话语中的语用身份选择。首先,笔者将语料按照交际目的分为七种类型,即请求、拒绝、为自己开脱、责备、掩盖交际目的、拉近距离和疏远距离。前五种交际目的反映交际者的行事需求,后两种反映其人际需求。笔者发现,交际者选择语用身份的方式有:为听话人、说话人或第三方建构关系身份、权势身份、积极身份、消极身份等,而且仅在拒绝、责备这两类中有交际需求被满足的情况。根据陈新仁对交际需求的描述,交际双方正是在各自的交际需求驱动下选择语用身份。

Both pragmatic identity(PI)and implicit conflict talk(ICT)have attracted much attention in recent years.But few studies focus on the PI choices in ICT.Therefore,this paper probes into how and why speakers choose PI in ICT to achieve certain purposes through qualitative analysis and corpus analysis.The data of this paper are collected from Shakespeare’s Hamlet including ICT turns,which are divided into 7 types according to communicative purposes,namely,request,refusal,excuse,blame,concealment of real aims,the narrowing and alienation of interpersonal distance.The first five communicative purposes reflect performative needs while the last two reflect interpersonal needs.It is found that the ways interlocutors choose PI include constructing power,relational,positive or negative identities for speaker,hearer or the third party.According to Chen Xinren,interlocutors choose PI driven by their different communicative needs.