探讨德国职业教育发展——以德国《职业教育法》修订为例

The Development of German Vocational Education——Taking the Establishment and Revision of German Vocational Education Act as An Example

德国职业教育体系在世界职业教育领域久负盛名,其核心思想是理论与实践相结合、培训与市场需求相适应。本文通过分析德国联邦政府两次修订的《职业教育法》、联邦州制定的学校体系职业教育等相关规定,探析德国双元制体系、学校体系和过渡体系三大职业教育支柱的特色;探讨工业4.0和新冠病毒全球蔓延的背景下,德国职业教育体系面临的挑战和采取的应对措施,以及对中国职业教育发展的启示。

For a long time,German vocational education system has had a long-standing reputation in the world of vocational education,which distinguishes itself from others by combination of theory and practice and training to meet market demand.This article will analyze the establishment and two revisions of Vocational Training Act(Berufsbildungsgesetz,BBiG)and state-level vocational education laws on full-time vocational education,so as to explore the three pillars of German vocational education—dual vocational education,school-based vocational education and transition system.It will also discuss the challenges caused by Industry 4.0 and the Covid-19-Pandamie to the German vocational education system and the measures taken,and its enlightenment on the development of vocational education in China.