论韩礼德“语境论”在话语分析中的应用——以文学对话和政治演讲为例

On the Application of Halliday’s “Theory of Context” in Discourse Analysis——A Case Study of a Literary Dialogue and a Political Speech

系统功能语法从意义和功能的角度分析语言运用,是语言学研究中一个重要的派别之一,而"语境"作为其中的核心概念一直受到语言学界的重点关注。本文首先介绍"语境"的概念起源、韩礼德的"语境论"及其对语篇的理解,然后论述情景语篇的三个元功能(概念功能、人际功能和语篇功能)和情景语境的三个变量(语场、语旨和语式)以及它们之间的相互关系。最后,通过分析两种不同的语篇类型——对话和演讲,充分展现如何将语境理论应用于话语分析,并且证明韩礼德"语境论"为我们分析具体语篇建构了一个全新的切实可行的理论框架,具有重要意义。

Systemic-functional grammar analyzes language use from the perspective of meaning and function,and is one of the important schools of linguistic study.As a key concept of Systemic-functional linguistics,"context"has always been receiving the attention in the field of linguistics.This paper first introduces the origins of"context",Halliday’s"Theory of context"and his understanding of discourse.Then,it elaborates the three metafunctions of situational discourse(ideational function,interpersonal function and textual function),the three variables of situational context(field,tenor and mode)as well as their interrelationship.In the end,through analyzing two types of discourse—a dialogue and a political speech,this paper fully displays how"Theory of context"can be practically used in discourse analysis,and firmly proves that Halliday’s"Theory of context"offers a new practical theory framework for us to analyze concrete text,which holds linguistic significance.