漢語詞的兼類現象探微

A Study on the Phenomenon of Chinese Words with Multiple Categories

漢語重意象,不依賴形態變化來表示語法意義,不關注詞的類與類之間的差異,呈現“以象立意”的思維模式。象的多變性及意的抽象豐富性形成漢語詞的意合特徵以及言難盡意的現象。在漢語表義明晰化的過程中,由於象既可表具體動作又可表動作名稱,大量漢語詞兼具動詞和名詞功能。立足漢語的實情,藉助漢語“以象立意”的象意思維模式特徵或能爲研究漢語詞類提供更切合漢語精神面貌的探索途徑。

Chinese attaches importance to image,does not rely on morphological changes to express grammatical meaning,does not pay attention to the differences between categories of words,and presents the thinking mode of“meaning by image”.The variability of image and the abstract richness of meaning form the parataxis feature of Chinese words and the phenomenon that words can't express their meanings.In the process of clarifying the meaning of Chinese,a large number of Chinese words have the functions of both verb and noun because the image can express both specific actions and action names.Based on the actual situation of Chinese,with the help of the Imagery thinking mode of Chinese,it may provide a more suitable exploration way for the study of Chinese parts of speech.