清末民國方言辭書所録方言詞研究——兼論漢語詞彙的系統性

Research on the Dialect Words in Dialect Dictionaries of the Late Qing Dynasty

漢語詞彙的系統性表現在多個方面。結合清末民國方言辭書所録方言詞,可以從3個不同的角度對詞彙的系統性進行考察:從詞的生成角度來説,方言詞的造詞在複合詞的組合與特殊後綴兩個方面特别明顯;從詞際關係來説,方言同源詞與方言異形詞是詞彙系統性的重要表現方式;從方言詞的歷時演變來看,詞彙的系統性主要表現在方言詞的言文分歧與交叉及方言詞詞義的歷時演變。

The systematization of Chinese vocabulary performance in many aspects.Combined with the dialect words in dialect dictionaries of the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China,the systematization can be examined from three different perspectives:From the perspective of word formation,the word formation of dialect words is particularly obvious in the combination of compound words and special suffixes;From the perspective of the relationship between words,the cognate words and the heteromorphic words in dialects are the important expressions of vocabulary system;From the perspective of the diachronic evolution of dialect words,the systematization of vocabulary is mainly manifested in the divergence and intersection of dialect words and the diachronic evolution of the meaning of dialect words.