論明末清初“仔麽”的特徵

The Features of“Zǐme(仔麽)”in the Late Ming to Early Qing Dynasty

疑問代詞"仔麽"集中出現在明末至清初的話本小説中,是"怎麽"的變異形式,二者在語法功能方面差異不大,但"仔麽"的社會語言學特徵比"怎麽"顯著。"仔麽"更多地爲非正式性交際場合使用,而正式性交際場合和非正式性交際場合對使用"怎麽"没有傾向性。明末至清初時期文獻顯示"仔麽"爲當時南北通語中的語言現象,不是方言成分。

The interrogative pronouns "Z? me" appearances in vernacular novels of late Ming to early Qing."Z? me" is the variation of "Zěnme ",their grammatical function difference is not obvious.But,the sociolingusitics characteristic of "Z? me is more obvious than"Zě nme","Z? me" is more used in informal occasion,but Z ě nme is used in formal occasion as much as in informal occasion.The vernacular novels of late Ming to early Qing indicate that "Z? me" is a language phenomena of northern mandarin and southern mandarin,it is not a language phenomena of dialect.