敦煌寫卷佛經音義的訛誤類型與校勘舉例

The Error Types and Collation Examples in Buddhist Scriptures’ Sound and Meaning of Dunhuang Manuscripts

在前人考釋的基礎上,歸納了敦煌寫卷佛經音義6種類型的訛誤,並加以校釋,其中形近致誤2例,形省致誤2例,形增致誤2例,同義的隨意换讀2例,音譯字的誤用1例,被注字抄錯2例。字形訛誤是主要的類型,帶有普遍性。首音與又音相同、注音方法使用不當等訛誤主要集中在個别寫卷上,如斯6691、斯2821,帶特殊性。總的來説,敦煌佛經音義寫卷書法較精美,訓釋水準較高,保存了唐五代時期的原始材料,語言、文化價值大,但與傳世的經部文獻音義相比,敦煌寫卷的問題相對較多,抄寫者、注釋者的小學水準參差不齊。

On the basis of predecessors’ textual research,errors of the six types were summarized and corrected in the sound and meaning of Buddhist scriptures in Dunhuang manuscripts.Among them,there were 2 cases of near-form errors,2 cases of saving-form errors,2 cases of increasing-form errors,2 cases of changing synonymous character’s sound at will,1 cases of character’s misapplication of transliteration,and 2 cases of copying errors of annotated characters.The form error was the main type with universality.The errors,such as the same between the first and the second sound of a character,improper use of phonetic notation method,were mainly concentrated on individual manuscript,such as S.6691 and S.2821,with particularity.Generally speaking,calligraphy was exquisite,level of annotation was high in Dunhuang manuscripts.The original materials of Tang and Five Dynasties were preserved,the language and cultural value were great.Compared with the sound and meaning of the handed down Confucian scriptures,Dunhuang Buddhist scriptures’ manuscripts problems were relatively more.The transcription and annotation level of Buddhist scriptures in Dunhuang manuscripts was uneven.