“隐私”与“公共健康”的决策平衡——疫情下各国个人信息保护的十个共识、差异与挑战

Decision-making balance between “Privacy” and “Public Health”——10 Consensus,Differences and Challenges of Personal Information Protection in Various Countries during the COVID-19 Epidemic

新型冠状病毒(COVID-19)的全球性爆发对各国医疗健康体系乃至公共安全带来持续挑战。针对个人信息,尤其是个人健康信息、位置信息的快速收集与分析,能够帮助决策者把握疫情发展状况,积极采取适当措施。但隐私、个人信息保护、数据安全等问题也成为挥之不去的担忧。如何在公共安全与个人信息保护之间找到平衡,考验着各国政府决策能力。我们梳理分析了欧盟成员国、韩国、新加坡、美国、加拿大、阿根廷、澳大利亚等40多个国家在疫情期间围绕个人信息处理的规则与做法,总结了十项已凝聚的共识、尚存的差异以及面临的共同挑战。

The global outbreak of coronavirus(COVID-19)in 2019 poses continuous challenges to the health care systems and public safety of many countries.The rapid collection and analysis of personal information,especially personal health information and location information,can help control and actively response to the outbreak.Meanwhile,privacy,personal data protection and other issues have also become lingering concerns.The authors combed and analyzed the rules and practices concerning the processing of personal information during the epidemic in more than 40 countries and summarized 10 categories of the consensus about personal information protection,the remaining differences and the common faced challenges.Data protection laws will not hinder outbreak control measures.However,the basic principles of data protection laws should still be followed during the information collection of the employers and the cross-departmental data sharing.As the epidemic escalates,more controversial measures are put into use and online services are normalized,which bring privacy challenges.The decision-making balance between"Privacy"and"Public Health"during the epidemic deeply reflects a country’s culture and social recognition traditions.If countries cannot withdraw from the"privacy controversial"management measures in the short term,it is particularly important to adhere to the basic principles of data protection laws.