宋金仿木结构砖室墓斗栱形制辨析

Discrimination and Analysis of Dougong in Brick-Chambered Tombs with Imitation Wood Structures During the Song and Jin Dynasties

宋金时期有大量的仿木结构砖室墓,其仿木结构的主要标志之一就是砖砌斗栱,斗栱形式主要是把头绞项作、斗口跳、四铺作,最繁者为五铺作:由于受砖作的材料限制,与地面木构建筑的斗栱形式并不完全一致,使得今天的发掘者和研究者对它们的认识和称名时有一些错误发生,几种斗栱形式常相混淆。本文从《营造法式》的标准出发,对常见于考古发掘报告和简报中的有关宋金仿木结构砖室墓斗栱形制的错误说明进行了辨析。

Many brick-chambered tombs of the Song and Jin Dynasties have brick dougong as one of the main signs of their imitation wood structures.The brick dougong are mainly in the form of batoujiaoxiangzuo,doukoutiao,sipuzuo and wupuzuo,which is the most complex form.Due to material constraints,brick dougong are not the same as those in timber structure buildings,which led to some mistakes in their recognition and nomenclature by archeologists and other researchers,as well as confusion of several dougong forms.This paper discriminates and analyzes,based on the standards of Treatise on Architetural Methods(Yingzao Fashi),the misrepresentations of dougong form that are commonly found in archaeological excavation reports involving Song and Jin Dynasties brick-chambered tombs with imitation wood structures.