河南古遗存牌坊建筑调查研究

Investigation and Research on Ancient Memorial Archway Architecture in Henan

石牌坊是我国古代建筑中特有的建筑类型,据研究应溯源于古代里坊之坊门,与木牌楼的作用相同。到了宋代,商业繁盛,封闭的里坊改为便利的街市,坊门仅具路标的意义。至明清石牌坊的数量大增,成为街市、商行、宗教、苑囿、陵墓及纪念地前必备之物。限于材料,石牌坊虽然不及木牌楼结构之精巧,但因其自重甚大,不畏水平外力,在结构处理上反独见其长。古代工匠因材制宜,在石牌坊建造上产生不少杰作,从某种意义上可以说明清石牌坊代表了当时石构建筑的最高水平。

Stone memorial archway is a unique architectural type in ancient Chinese architecture.According to the research,it should be traced back to the gate of ancient Fang,which plays the same role as wooden tablet building.In the Song Dynasty,commerce flourished,and the closed district named Li and Fang was transformed into a convenient street market,with the gate only serving as a signpost.During the Ming and Qing Dynasties,stone memorial archways increased in number and became necessary before markets,businesses,religions,gardens and parks,mausoleums and memorial sites.Limited by materials,stone archway is not as exquisite as wooden archway,but because of its great self-weight and not restricted by external force,it has its own advantages in structural treatment.In a sense,stone archways in Ming and Qing Dynasties represent the highest level of stone architecture at that time.