试论巩县石窟的建筑装饰样式

Discussion on the Architectural Decoration Style of Gongxian Grottoes

巩县石窟是北魏迁都洛阳后开凿的佛教功德遗产。作为一处建筑遗址,巩县石窟最具视觉特色的文化韵致,是其在传达佛教信仰的流程中,大量采用了具有梵汉精华风格的装饰题材,从而为这一建筑空间赋予了视像充实、富于动感的美术范本的价值。这种极具装饰化风尚的美学传感,说到底正是北魏晚期中国石窟寺艺术借鉴印度佛教石刻"天竺好繁"遗法,结合汉地美术"舒展开朗"审美传统的一种张扬着民族特质的艺术创造。因此,巩县石窟富于建筑装饰特色的美学形态,是研究中古时期中外文明交流的一个具有参照系意义的遗产样本。

The Gongxian Grottoes are the Buddhist merits heritage that was carving after Luoyang became the capital city of the Northern Wei Dynasty.As an architectural heritage,the most visually distinctive cultural character of the Gongxian Grottoes is that many decorative themes with the essence of the Sanskrit-Han style have been adopted to convey Buddhist beliefs,thus enriching this architectural space with visual value of dynamic art.This sensible aesthetic sensor is an artistic creation that publicizes national characteristics of Chinese cave temples in the late Northern Wei Dynasty,using the Indian Buddhist overelaborate stone carving style for reference and combing with the Chinese loose and cheerful art style.Therefore,the aesthetic form of Gongxian Grottoes rich in architectural decoration is a reference sample to the study of Sino-foreign civilization exchanges during the Middle Ages.