基于线性文化遗产概念下的宁夏引黄灌溉古渠现状研究

The Study on the Present Situation of Irrigated Ancient Canals in Ningxia from the Perspective of Linear Cultural Heritage

文章借鉴历史学、地理学的相关理论与方法,从线性文化遗产概念出发,运用考古类型学解析出宁夏古渠的时代分布、空间分布等特征。针对宁夏古渠现状——文物级别、古渠长度、文物存在状况、使用状态做出梳理。研究证实:①古渠初创时代较早,古主干渠初建于汉代;②现存古渠分布于宁夏境内卫宁平原和银川平原中,集中分布于河西地区,跨越宁夏的主要市、县;③古代,宁夏古渠主要功能为农田灌溉与补水。当代,其功能转换为城市生态景观与绿色廊道、城市泄洪排涝主要设施。宁夏古渠文物现状为:①大部分古渠都在继续使用;②古渠文物级别较低。汉延渠等6条主干渠为省级文保单位,其余古渠没有文物级别;③古渠长度排布为:惠农渠>唐徕渠>美利渠>七星渠>汉延渠>秦渠>汉渠>大清渠。建议:宁夏文物局和水利厅相互协助,系统发掘和考证宁夏古渠体系。在研究基础上,古渠体系应受到分层分级保护与利用,发挥其历史与现实的双重价值。

The paper uses the research methods and theories of history and geography,and analyzes the time and spatial distribution characteristics.Starting with the concept of linear cultural heritage,the paper analyzes the present situation of ancient canals in Ningxia by means of archaeological typology,such as:level of cultural relics,the length of ancient canal,the existence and usage of cultural relics.According to the studies,which shows that:① first built time of ancient canals is early,and especially first built time of ancient main canals should be in the Han Dynasty;② the existing ancient canals are located Weining Plain and Yinchuan Plain in Ningxia,and the ancient canals are distributed in western of the Yellow River;all canals span the main cities and counties of Ningxia;③ in ancient times,the main functions of ancient canals in Ningxia are farmland irrigation and water replenishment.Now the current function of the canals has changed as urban landscape ecology and green corridor,or the main facilities of urban flood discharge and drainage.The cultural relics status of existing ancient canals:① many ancient canals are using nowadays;② the heritage level of ancient canal is relatively low,and the Hanyan Canal is the provincial cultural relic conservation unit,the remaining ancient canals has no special protection;③ the length arrangement of ancient main canals is:the Huinong canal,the Tanglai canal,the Meili canal,the Qixing canal,the Hanyan Canal,the Qin Canal,the Han Canal,the Daqing Canal.Suggestions:Administrations of Cultural Heritage and the Water Conservancy department in Ningxia should work together to protect and research the system of ancient canal systematically in Ningxia.Exploiting and utilizing these canals rationally on the basis of research.