孕期膳食血糖负荷与孕期增重及胎儿体格发育的关系

Association of dietary glycemic load during pregnancy with gestational weight gain and fetal physical development

目的了解广州地区孕期膳食血糖负荷情况及其与孕期增重和胎儿体格发育的关系。方法招募广州市孕晚期妇女485名作为追踪研究对象,采用3天24小时膳食回顾法获得孕妇的膳食情况,通过问卷收集该人群人口学信息、孕期体力活动情况及孕前体重等信息,计算各孕期膳食血糖负荷,并根据血糖负荷从小到大将孕妇三等分为低负荷组、中负荷组和高负荷组。追踪调查孕妇的孕期增重以及新生儿出生体重和身长。用多元线性回归分析孕期膳食血糖负荷与孕期增重、出生体重和出生身长的相关性。结果孕期膳食血糖负荷为149.21±46.33,与低负荷组相比,高负荷组的谷类、薯类、菌藻类、水果、禽肉以及乳类的摄入较高,鱼虾蟹的摄入量较低(P<0.05)。孕妇孕期增重(15.03±4.35)kg,新生儿出生体重(3229.18±375.09)g,出生身长(49.60±1.48)cm,与低负荷组相比,高负荷组孕妇孕期增重更多(P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析显示孕期膳食血糖负荷与孕期增重和新生儿出生身长呈正相关(β_(1)=0.011,β_(2)=0.003,P<0.05)。结论孕期膳食血糖负荷越高,孕期增重越多,新生儿出生身长越长。

OBJECTIVE To investigate the situation of women’s dietary glycemic load during pregnancy and explore the correlations between dietary glycemic index(GI)and gestational weight gain and fetal physical development.METHODS The study was conducted in women in the third trimester of pregnancy and their new-born babies.The gestational dietary information was collected through a 3-day 24-hour dietary review.The general demographic information,diet and physical exercise,and weight were collected in questionnaire investigations,and the glycemic load during pregnancy were calculated.Participant were dived into low-glycemic-load group,middle-glycemic-load group and high-glycemic-load group according to the glycemic load.Gestational weigh gain,birth weight and birth length were measured.Multiple linear regression were used to analyze the relationship between glycemic load during pregnancy and gestational weight gain and fetal growth.RESULTS The mean gestational glycemic load was 149.21±46.33.Women in high-glycemic-load group had higher intake of grain,potato,bacteria and algae,fruit,poultry and dairy but lower intake of aquatic product(P<0.05).The mean gestational weight gain was(15.03±4.35)kg.The mean fetal weight and birth length was(3229.18±375.09)g and(49.60±1.48)cm.Women in high-glycemic-load group had higher gestational weight gain(P<0.05).Multiple linear regression indicated that dietary glycemic load during pregnancy was postively correlated with gestational weight gain and birth length(β_(1)=0.011,β=0.003,P<0.05).CONCLUSION The higher dietary glycemic load during pregnancy is,the higher gestational weight gain and birth length will be.