崇儒重道与文化象征:清代云贵地区的学宫

Advocating Confucianism and Taoism and Cultural Symbols:The Academies in Yunnan and Guizhou Areas in the Qing Dynasty

学宫,实际上是庙、学两部分的合体,庙即孔庙、文庙,是祭祀先师孔子及其弟子的场所,学即儒学(所谓官学),乃教授生徒、培育封建人才的学府。清代云贵地区的学宫建设,与其"崇儒重道"治理方略的实力推行密不可分。学宫外在的建筑规制与内部陈设布局,体现出严格的封建等级观念、浓厚的儒学气息,彰显当时统治者提倡之主流文化内核。学宫在很大程度上体现了清朝运用文化软实力治理边疆、将帝国权力触角延伸到边远地区的不懈努力,这即是清代在云南边疆民族地区不遗余力地建设并维护学宫地位的根本原因之所在。

In fact,academy is a combination of temple and learning.The temple,namely Confucius Temple and Confucian temple,is a place for offering sacrifices to Confucius and his disciples.Learning,namely Confucianism(so-called Official Learning),is an institution for teaching students and cultivating feudal talents.The construction of schools in Yunnan and Guizhou areas in the Qing Dynasty was closely related to the implementation of the governance strategy of“advocating Confucianism and stressing Taoism”.The architectural regulations and the layout of the interior furnishings outside the academy reflect the strict feudal hierarchy and strong Confucian atmosphere,and highlight the mainstream cultural core advocated by the rulers at that time.To a great extent,the academies reflected the unremitting efforts of the Qing Dynasty to use cultural soft power to govern the border areas and extend the imperial power to the remote areas.This is the fundamental reason why the Qing Dynasty spared no effort to build and maintain the status of academies in the frontier ethnic areas of Yunnan.