2011—2020年河北省斑疹伤寒流行特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of typhus in Hebei Province from 2011 to 2020

目的分析2011—2020年河北省斑疹伤寒监测资料,描述其流行特征和变化趋势,为疾病防控提供依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法进行统计分析。结果河北省2011—2020年共报告斑疹伤寒病例1500例,死亡1例,年平均发病率0.37/10万,年均死亡率0.01/1000万,平均病死率0.07%。2011—2020年河北省斑疹伤寒发病情况整体呈现下降趋势,高发病率地区主要集中在唐山市、石家庄市、邯郸市和保定市;时空变化结果显示,中南部地区斑疹伤寒发病率逐渐减少,东部地区的唐山市发病率始终保持在一定的水平,南部地区的邯郸市发病率有逐年增高的趋势;全年各月均有病例报告,发病高峰期主要集中在9—11月;男女性别比为1∶1,发病以0~20岁青少年儿童和60~80岁老年人为主;职业分布以农民发病为主;2011—2020年鼠密度总体平稳,不同年度斑疹伤寒发病率与平均鼠密度呈显著正相关(r=0.722,P<0.05),不同地区发病率与农村自然村鼠密度呈显著正相关(r=0.661,P<0.05)。结论河北省斑疹伤寒疫情整体呈现下降趋势,对于高发地区和高发人群需加强监测,并严格落实防鼠、灭蚤工作。

Objective To analyze the surveillance data of typhus in Hebei Province from 2011 to 2020,describe its epidemiological characteristics and changing trends,and provide evidence for disease prevention and control.Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was adopted for the analyses.Results From 2011 to 2020,a total of 1,500 typhus cases including 1 death were reported in Hebei Province.The annual average incidence was 0.37/100000,the average annual mortality was 0.01/10000000,and the average case fatality rate was 0.07%.The incidence of typhus in Hebei showed a decreasing trend from 2011 to 2020.The high incidence areas were mainly in Tangshan,Shijiazhuang,Handan and Baoding City.The results of temporal and spatial changes showed that the incidence of typhus in the central and southern regions had gradually decreased,the incidence in Tangshan City in the eastern region had always remained at a certain level,and the incidence of Handan City in the southern region had an increasing trend year by year.Cases were reported in every month of the years,and the peak was mainly from September to November.The ratio of male to female was 1∶1.The incidence was mainly occured in adolescents and children aged 0-20 and the elderly aged 60-80.The occupational distribution was mainly farmers.The rodent density was stable from 2011 to 2020.There was a significant positive correlation between the incidence of typhus and the average rodents density in different years(r=0.722,P<0.05),and the incidence was significantly positively correlated with the rodent density in rural areas(r=0.661,P<0.05).Conclusion The prevalence of typhus in Hebei Province showed a downward trend.It is necessary to strengthen surveillance and strictly implement of control of rodent and flea in high-incidence areas and populations.