浅谈我国古建筑白蚁危害及防治现状

Brief discussion on the termite infestation and control in ancient buildings of China

本文对我国古建筑白蚁危害现状、白蚁防治主要策略以及主要技术手段进行了简要概括,并对如何加强古建筑白蚁防治工作提出了相关建议。我国古建筑白蚁危害普遍且严重,常见的白蚁危害种类包括台湾乳白蚁、黄胸散白蚁、黑胸散白蚁、黑翅土白蚁和黄翅大白蚁。古建筑蚁害产生原因包括环境条件、建筑结构和日常管理等因素。我国古建筑白蚁防治注重文物保护、环境保护、白蚁预防和综合治理,主要技术措施包括环境整治、白蚁治理、白蚁预防、监测维护等。为进一步做好古建筑白蚁防治工作,有必要加强蚁害日常检查与防控,加快制定相关技术标准,建立白蚁防治长效机制。

This article briefly summarized the current condition,main control strategies and technical measures of termite infestation in ancient buildings of China,and proposed suggestions on how to strengthen termite control in ancient buildings.The termite infestation in ancient buildings was severe and common in China,and the main termite species included Coptotermes formosanus,Reticulitermes flaviceps,Reticulitermes chinensis,Odontotermes formosanus,and Macrotermes barneyi.The occurrence of termite infestation in ancient buildings was attributed to environmental condition,architectural structure,daily management and other factors.The control of termite infestation in ancient buildings emphasized preservation of cultural relics,environmental protection,termite prevention and integrated management,and the main technical measures included environmental improvement,termite management,termite prevention,monitoring and maintenance.To strengthen termite control in ancient buildings,it was necessary to reinforce routine inspection and prevention,set up the technical standard as soon as possible,and establish the persistent effect mechanism.