2017—2021年常州市蚊密度调查结果分析

Mosquito surveillance in Changzhou from 2017 to 2021

目的分析2017—2021年常州市蚊密度、种群构成以及季节消长,为常州市蚊虫和蚊媒传染病的预防和控制提供依据。方法采用诱蚊灯法对常州市7个区(县)5类生境(居民区、公园、医院、农户、牲畜棚)成蚊进行监测。结果2017—2021年常州市各区(县)共捕获雌蚊31500只,总密度为1.31只/(灯·夜)。2017年蚊密度最低,为0.79只/(灯·夜),2018年蚊密度最高,达1.75只/(灯·夜)。2019—2021年蚊密度分别为1.52、1.36、1.13只/(灯·夜)。除2020年蚊密度动态呈单峰曲线外,其余年份均呈双峰曲线,高峰均出现在7月、9月。不同生境中以牲畜棚蚊密度最高,达3.28只/(灯·夜),医院最低,为0.62只/(灯·夜)。居民区、公园、医院优势蚊种为淡色库蚊,农户和牲畜棚以三带喙库蚊为优势蚊种。总构成比以淡色库蚊最高(38.55%),其次为三带喙库蚊(34.96%)。结论蚊虫防治应有针对性地实施,加大对优势种群的防治措施。

Objective To analyze mosquito density,population composition,and seasonal fluctuation in Changzhou City from 2017 to 2021,and to provide a basis for the prevention and control of mosquitoes and mosquito-borne diseases in Changzhou City.Methods Adult mosquitoes were monitored in seven districts(counties)of Changzhou City using the mosquito lamp trap method in five types of habitats(residential areas,parks,hospitals,farmers,livestock sheds).Results From 2017 to 2021,31500 female mosquitoes were captured in all districts(counties)of Changzhou City,with a total density of 1.31 mosquitoes/(lamp·hour).The lowest mosquito density was 0.79 mosquitoes/(lamp·hour)in 2017,while the highest was 1.75 mosquitoes/(lamp·hour)in 2018.The mosquito densities were 1.52,1.36,1.13 mosquitoes/(lamp·hour)respectively in 2019,2020 and 2021.The mosquito density dynamics showed a bimodal curve with peaks in July and September except a unimodal in 2020.Among different habitats,the highest mosquito density of 3.28 mosquitoes/(lamp·hour)took place in the livestock sheds,while the lowest of 0.62 mosquitoes/(lamp·hour)in the hospitals.The dominant species of mosquitoes was Culex pipiens pallens in residential areas,parks and hospitals,Cx.tritaeniorhynchus in farmers and livestock sheds.The total mosquito composition was dominated by Cx.pipiens pallens,followed by Cx.tritaeniorhynchus.Conclusion The control of mosquitoes should be implemented in a targeted manner,and the control measures for dominant populations should be strengthened.