上海市崇明区蜱虫分布调查

Tick distribution in Chongming District of Shanghai

目的了解上海市崇明区蜱的构成、场所分布、季节消长及叮咬风险,为当地蜱及蜱传疾病防治提供科学依据。方法3—10月在城镇、农村居民区开展寄生蜱调查,同时在农村外环境和景区采用布旗法开展游离蜱调查,对收集的蜱进行形态学鉴定。结果共捕获蜱216只,其中长角血蜱207只(95.83%),褐黄血蜱7只(3.24%),血红扇头蜱2只(0.93%)。不同宿主动物中,只在犬的体表发现蜱,蜱指数为0.15;不同生境中景区游离蜱密度最高,为3.77只/100 m,其次为荒坡草地(1.69只/100 m)、林地(1.39只/100 m)。崇明区蜱的密度高峰为8月。结论长角血蜱是崇明区的优势蜱种,景区是蜱的优势生境,景区游客和农村居民存在较高的被蜱叮咬的风险。

Objective To understand the composition,distribution,seasonal fluctuation and bite risk of ticks in Chongming District of Shanghai,and to provide a scientific basis for local prevention and control of ticks and tick-borne diseases.Methods A survey of parasitic ticks was carried out in residential areas of towns and villages from March to October in 2021,and free ticks were investigated in rural external environments and scenic areas by flag method.The collected ticks were morphologically identified.Results A total of 216 ticks were captured,of which 207(95.83%)were Haemaphysalis longicornis,7(3.24%)were Haemaphysalis flava and 2(0.93%)were Rhipicephalus sanguineus.Among the different host animals,ticks were found only on the body surface of dogs with a tick index of 0.15.The density of free ticks in scenic areas was 3.77 ticks/100 m,the highest among habitats,followed by grassland(1.69 ticks/100 m)and woodland(1.39 ticks/100 m).The peak density of ticks in Chongming District was in August.Conclusion Haemaphysalis longicornis was the dominant species of ticks in Chongming District,and scenic areas were the dominant habitats of ticks.Tourists in scenic areas and rural residents are highly at risk of being bitten by ticks.