2021年武汉地区主要病媒生物监测

Surveillance on the main vectors in Wuhan area in 2021

目的了解2021年武汉地区鼠类、蚊类、蝇类、蟑螂种群构成、密度及季节消长规律,为开展病媒生物防治工作提供科学依据。方法全年单月对鼠类、蟑螂分别采用夹夜法和粘捕法监测;4—11月每月对蚊类、蝇类分别采用诱蚊灯法和笼诱法监测。结果2021年武汉地区捕获的鼠类包括1科2属3种,鼠密度为0.43只/100夹。褐家鼠主要分布在居民区、重点行业,小家鼠主要分布在农村自然村,黄胸鼠3种生境均有分布。鼠类全年都有活动且没有明显的季节性。蚊密度为63.99只/(灯·夜),致倦库蚊是优势种。其中城市生境下蚊类季节消长呈双峰型,密度高峰出现在6月和10月;农村生境下蚊类季节消长呈单峰型,密度高峰在6月。蝇密度为5.75只/笼,家蝇为优势种,全年蝇密度高峰在5月、10—11月。不同生境蝇密度差异有统计学意义(F=531.081,P<0.01),居民区蝇密度最高,为10.09只/笼。蟑螂密度为1.18只/张,侵害率为11.77%。德国小蠊的相对多度为98.99%,为绝对优势种。蟑螂全年活动,其侵害率与密度季节消长趋势基本一致,其中农贸市场蟑螂密度最高,医院蟑螂密度最低。结论基本掌握了武汉地区主要病媒生物的种群构成和季节消长规律。建议遵循病媒生物的可持续控制与综合治理策略,坚持长期、有效地开展病媒生物监测。

Objective To understand the population composition,density and seasonal fluctuation of rodents,mosquitoes,flies and cockroaches in Wuhan area in 2021,and provide scientific evidences for the strategy of vector control.Methods Rodents and cockroaches were monitored by night trapping method and sticky trapping method respectively in odd months throughout the year,while the light trapping method and the cage trapping method were used for the surveillance of mosquitoes and flies from April to November.Results In 2021,the rodents captured included 1 family 2 genera and 3 species,and the rodent density was 0.43 rodents/100 traps.Rattus norvegicus was mainly distributed in urban residential areas and key industries,Mus musculus in rural villages and Rattus flavipectus in the three habitats.Rodents were active throughout the year without obvious seasonality.The density of mosquitoes was 63.99 mosquitoes per lamp per night and Culex quinquefasciatus was the dominant species.The seasonal fluctuation of mosquitoes in urban habitats was bimodal,one peak in June and the other peak in October,while the seasonal fluctuation in rural habitats was unimodal with the peak in June.The density of flies was 5.75 insects per cage and Musca domestica was the dominant species.The density of mosquitoes reached the peak in May and October to November.There was a statistically significant difference in fly densities among habitats(F=531.081,P<0.01).The residential area had the highest density as 10.09 flies per cage.Cockroach density was 1.18 insects per piece and the infestation rate was 11.77%.The relative abundance of Blattella germanica was 98.99%,which was the absolute dominant species.Cockroaches could be monitored throughout the year,and their infestation was basically consistent with the densities in the seasonal variation.Cockroach density was the highest in farmers’markets but the lowest in hospitals.Conclusion The population composition and seasonal fluctuations of main vector was mastered preliminarily in Wuhan.It is recommended to follow the sustainable control and comprehensive management strategy of vector and adhere to long-term and effective vector monitoring.