2020年河南省病媒生物监测

Vector surveillance in Henan Province in 2020

目的了解2020年河南省病媒生物种群构成、密度及季节消长规律,为病媒生物防控提供科学依据。方法鼠类监测采用夹夜法,蚊虫监测采用诱蚊灯法,蝇类采用诱蝇笼法,蟑螂采用粘捕法。结果2020年河南省鼠类捕获率为0.57%,小家鼠为优势种,居民区、重点行业和农村自然村捕获率分别为0.53%、0.52%和0.66%。蚊类平均密度为9.20只/(灯·夜),淡色库蚊为河南省优势种,其中牲畜棚的蚊密度最高,为18.49只/(灯·夜)。蝇类平均密度为8.39只/笼,家蝇为河南省优势种群,农贸市场蝇密度最高,为10.43只/笼。蟑螂平均密度为0.12只/张,德国小蠊为优势种。鼠类和蟑螂全年均有活动,鼠类季节消长呈单峰分布,在9月达峰值0.91%;蟑螂季节消长呈双峰分布,在3月、9月为高峰,分别为0.24、0.15只/张。蚊、蝇季节消长均呈单峰分布。蚊虫在8月达峰值,为15.05只/(灯·夜);蝇类在6月达峰值,为22.40只/笼。结论掌握了2020年河南省病媒生物种群构成、密度及季节消长规律,为河南省病媒生物防控提供了科学依据。

Objective To investigate the species composition,density and seasonal variation of vectors in 2020 in Henan Province,and to provide a scientific basis for vector prevention and control.Methods Night-trapping,night-cage and sticky board methods were adopted for rodent surveillance,the light trapping was for mosquito surveillance,the cage trap method was for fly surveillance and the sticky trap method was for cockroach surveillance.Results In 2020,the average capture rate of rodents was 0.57%with Mus musculus as the dominant species,and the capture rates in residential areas,key industries and rural villages were 0.53%,0.52%and 0.66%respectively.The average mosquito density was 9.20 mosquitoes/(lamp·night)with Culex pipiens pallens as the dominant species,and the density of mosquitoes was relatively high in livestock sheds as much as 18.49 mosquitoes/(lamp·night).The average fly density was 8.39 flies per cage,with Musca domestica as the dominant species,and farmers’markets had the highest fly density as much as 10.43 flies per cage.The average cockroach density was 0.12 cockroaches per sheet with Blattella germanica as the dominant species.Rodents and cockroaches were active year round.The seasonal fluctuation of rodent was a unimodal curve,with the peak of 0.91%in September.The seasonal fluctuation of cockroach density had two peak periods in March and September,with 0.24 and 0.15 cockroaches per sheet,respectively.The seasonal fluctuation of mosquito density was a unimodal curve,reaching a peak in August with a density of 15.05 mosquitoes/(lamp·night).The fly density peaked in June,as much as 22.40 flies per cage.Conclusion The species composition,density and seasonal fluctuation of vector population in Henan Province in 2020 were better understood,providing a scientific basis for the prevention and control of vectors in Henan Province.