合肥市媒介伊蚊及登革热风险监测

Surveillance of the risk of Aedes vector and dengue fever in Hefei

目的掌握伊蚊的生境分布特征、密度及其影响因素,为合肥市登革热防控及风险评估提供科学依据。方法2015—2019年在合肥的不同生境及场所,采用布雷图指数法监测伊蚊幼虫密度,采用叮咬指数法监测成蚊密度,采用RT-PCR法监测带毒率。结果合肥地区分布的伊蚊主要为白纹伊蚊,叮咬指数为1.04只/(人·h),布雷图指数为7.55,容器指数为9.15%,房屋指数为7.36%。平均气温与叮咬指数成显著负相关关系(R=-0.950,P<0.05),布雷图指数与最低气温、平均气温、雾天数和平均湿度均呈正相关关系(R_(雾天数)=0.915,R_(最低气温)=0.898,R_(平均湿度)=0.913,R_(平均气温)=0.853,P<0.05)。在各类孳生容器中,废旧轮胎、明渠水池、树洞石穴和闲置容器等伊蚊阳性率较高,依次为16.04%、13.11%、12.50%、11.31%。结论合肥市的不同生境、孳生地类型和月份伊蚊密度存在差异。每年5—9月伊蚊密度较高,具有登革热传播风险。

Objective To understand the habitat distribution,density and influencing factors of Aedes mosquitoes,and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of dengue fever and risk assessment in Hefei City.Methods In different habitats and sites in Hefei from 2015 to 2019,the density of Aedes larvae was monitored by Breteau index,the density of adult mosquitoes by bite index,and the virulence carrying rate by RT-PCR.Results Aedes albopictus was the main mosquito in Hefei.The bite index was 1.04 insects per person in an hour,the Breteu index was 7.55,the container index was 9.15%,and the house index was 7.36%.There was a significant negative correlation between average air temperature and bite index(R=-0.950,P<0.05).Breteau index was positively correlated with minimum air temperature,average air temperature,number of fogginess days and average humidity(R_(minimum air temperature)=0.898,R_(average air temperature)=0.853,R_(fogginess days)=0.915,R_(average humidity)=0.913,P<0.05).Among the various breeding containers,the positive rates of Aedes mosquitoes were higher in waste tires,open canal ponds,tree holes and stone holes,and idle containers,respectively 16.04%,13.11%,12.50%and 11.31%.Conclusion There were differences in the density of Aedes mosquitoes in different habitats,breeding sites and months in Hefei.The density of Aedes mosquitoes is high from May to September each year,potentiating dengue transmission risk.