2017—2021年桂林市病媒生物种群密度与季节消长

Density and seasonality of vectors in Guilin City from 2017 to 2021

目的了解病媒生物密度、种群结构及季节消长规律,为病媒生物防治提供科学依据。方法鼠类、蟑螂、蝇类、蚊类分别采用夹夜法、粘捕法、笼诱法和诱蚊灯法进行监测。结果2017—2021年共捕获老鼠24只,主要优势种为褐家鼠,占75%,无明显的季节分布,重点行业捕获数最高;2017—2021年蟑螂年平均密度分别为1.51、1.07、0.84、2.23和2.67只/张,未见明显的季节性,优势种为德国小蠊,占99.24%,不同生境中以农贸市场密度最高,超市最低;2017—2021年蝇类年平均密度分别为48.58、57.05、26.39、38.45和33.36只/笼,优势种主要为丝光绿蝇及大头金蝇,5—10月为蝇密度高峰期,不同生境中以公园绿化带密度最高;2017—2021年蚊年平均密度分别为25.50、18.28、16.85、37.72和28.86只/(灯·夜),主要以致倦库蚊为优势蚊种,占88.57%,5—10月为蚊密度高峰期,有明显的季节分布特征,不同生境中,2017—2019年以农户、牲畜棚密度较高,2020年、2021年以居民区、公园、医院密度较高。结论鼠类、蟑螂无明显季节分布,防治工作应贯穿全年。蝇类、蚊类有明显的活动高峰期,应在此期间有针对性地采取综合防控措施。

Objective To understand the density,population structure and seasonal fluctuation of vectors,and provide scientific basis for vector control.Methods Rodents,cockroaches,flies and mosquitoes were monitored by night trapping,sticky trapping,cage trapping and lamp trapping,respectively.Results A total of 24 rodents were captured from 2017 to 2021,dominated by Rattus norvegicus which accounted for 75%.There was no obvious seasonality,and the rodents captured were mostly in the key industries.From 2017 to 2021,the annual average densities of cockroaches were respectively 1.51,1.07,0.84,2.23 and 2.67 cockroaches per sheet,without obvious seasonality.The dominant species was Blattella germanica,accounting for 99.24%.Among different habitats,the highest density was in farmers’markets,and the lowest was in supermarkets.From 2017 to 2021,the average annual densities of flies were 48.58,57.05,26.39,38.45 and 33.36 insects per cage,respectively.The dominant species were Lucilia sericata and Chrysomya megacephala.The peak density of flies was from May to October,and the highest density was found in the green belt of park.The average annual mosquito densities from 2017 to 2021 were 25.50,18.28,16.85,37.72 and 28.86 mosquitoes per lamp,respectively.Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus was the dominant mosquito species,accounting for 88.57%.The mosquito density peaked from May to October,showing obvious seasonality.Among different habitats,the mosquito densities in farmer houses and livestock sheds were higher from 2017 to 2019,while the densities in residential areas,parks and hospitals were higher from 2020 to 2021.Conclusion There was no obvious seasonality of rodents and cockroaches,and the control work should be carried out throughout the whole year.There were obvious peaks for flies and mosquitoes,and comprehensive prevention and control measures should be strengthened during this period.