苏州市发热伴血小板减少综合征媒介蜱类密度季节动态分析

Seasonal dynamics of ticks as vector of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in Suzhou City

目的分析苏州市发热伴血小板减少综合征媒介蜱类密度的季节消长规律,为疾病的防控提供依据。方法在苏州市范围内,选择吴中区、虎丘区、吴江区和张家港市、常熟市、昆山市、太仓市7个行政区域设置调查点,采用布旗法调查植被中的游离蜱;采用宿主体检蜱法调查家养动物寄生蜱;用鼠笼捕捉小型野生动物,检查全身寄生蜱。2018年和2019年4—11月,每月调查1次。结果动物寄生蜱平均密度为4.40只/宿主。铃头血蜱4月密度最高达6.18只/宿主,褐黄血蜱11月的密度达到全年最高峰4.88只/宿主,血红扇头蜱8月密度最高达2.46只/宿主,长角血蜱密度6月达到峰值0.43只/宿主。植被中游离蜱平均密度为15.48只/(h·布旗),其中生态公园、山坡林地、城市绿地和农村荒地生境中蜱类平均密度分别为31.17、11.18、6.95和5.60只/(h·布旗)。褐黄血蜱的活动高峰在6—7月和9—10月。长角血蜱活动高峰期为6—8月,9月消失。结论苏州市动物体表寄生蜱密度和不同植被类型的生境中游离蜱密度均较高,提示不仅要关注农村地区蜱媒疾病的防控,城市地区也不容忽视。

Objective To analyze the seasonal dynamics of density of ticks as vector of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in Suzhou,and provide base for control of the disease.Methods The questing ticks were collected with the flags from vegetation,and the feeding ticks were collected from the animals’skin,and the small wild animals were captured using rat trap cages monthly from April to November of 2018 and 2019 in districts of Huqiu,Wuzhong and Wujiang,and cities of Zhangjiagang,Changshu,Kunshan and Taicang.Results The average density of feeding ticks was 4.40 ticks per host.The density of Haemaphysallis campanulata achieved the highest in April(6.18 insect per host).H.flava peaked in November(4.88 insect per host).Rhipicephalus sanguineus peaked in August(2.46 insect per host),and H.longicornis in June(0.43 insect per host).The average density of questing ticks was 15.48 insects/(h·flag)in vegetation,and 31.17,11.18,6.95 and 5.60 insects/(h·flag)in ecology parks,forest hillsides,urban greens and rural grasslands,respectively.Populations of H.flava were high from June to July and from September to October.A large numbers of H.longicornis were collected from June to August,with none in September.Conclusion The densities of feeding ticks from animals and questing ticks from vegetation were high in Suzhou.The tick-borne disease should be prevented and controlled either in the rural areas or urban areas.