中放废液蒸发技术研究进展

Research progress and prospect of evaporation technology of medium-radioactive liquid waste

放射性废液处理是乏燃料后处理厂的重要环节。中放废液来源于高放废液蒸发冷凝液、部分设备去污清洗废液。由于中放废液量大,放射性水平相对较高,其处理技术研究具有非常重要的价值。一般采用蒸发浓缩技术对放射性废液进行处理。蒸发技术具有适用性良好、操作简单可控等优点,在国内外放射性废液处理领域得到广泛应用。但由于蒸发过程能耗大、效率低、蒸汽品质不高等问题,国内外先进核能国家对中放废液的蒸发处理技术从设备结构和工艺优化上开展了大量研究,获得了突出进展。热泵蒸发技术和真空蒸发技术均是在传统蒸发工艺技术上进行优化改良,提高了能源利用率,实现了节能降耗的目标,为我国未来放射性废液处理领域的研究和发展提供了重要参考。

The treatment of radioactive liquid waste is an important part of spent fuel reprocessing plant.The radioactive waste liquid comes from water-phase extraction residual liquid of axial purification and plutonium puri¬fication in post-treatment engineering,solvent regeneration washing liquid,and the radioactive waste liquid produced by the cleaning and decontamination of equipment.Because of the large amount of waste liquid and the relatively high radioactivity level of waste liquid,the study of its treatment technology has very important value.Evaporation and concentration technique is generally used to treat radioactive waste liquid.Evaporation technology has the advantages of good applicability,simple and controllable operation,and has been widely used in the field of radioactive waste liquid treatment at home and abroad.However,due to the evaporation process energy consumption,low efficiency,the problems existing in the steam quality,the domestic and foreign advanced nuclear power technology of into the evaporation of liquid waste from the equipment structure and process optimization is carried out by a large number of research,obtained the outstanding progress,including heat pump evaporation technology and vacuum evaporation technology,it provides an important reference for the future research and development of radioactive waste liquid treatment in China.