国内手足口病流行病学特征及疫苗研究进展

Epidemiology and progress on vaccine research for hand-foot-mouth disease in China

手足口病(hand-foot-mouth disease,HFMD)是一种病毒性传染病,主要由肠道病毒71型(Enterovirus 71,EV71)与柯萨奇病毒A组(Coxsackievirus A,CVA)16型等肠道病毒引起。HFMD具有传染性较强、传播途径多和传播范围广的特点。对于中国的儿童已造成了极大的公共卫生安全隐患,尤其是5岁以下儿童。HFMD的发病具有季节性、发病率高且临床表现多样,一旦暴发和流行将严重威胁儿童的身体健康。国内接种的EV71灭活疫苗是有效防控HFMD的措施之一,但该疫苗仅能保护EV71型肠道病毒引起的HFMD。目前,国内外在研发其他种类的HFMD疫苗,包括灭活疫苗、减毒活疫苗、病毒样颗粒疫苗和亚单位疫苗等。现就中国HFMD的流行病学特征及相关HFMD疫苗的研究作一概述。

Hand-foot-mouth disease(HFMD)is a viral infectious disease,which is mainly caused by entero-viruses such as EV71 and CVA16.HFMD has the characteristics of strong contagiousness,multiple transmission modes and wide spread range,which has greatly caused public health safety hazards to Chinese children,especially children under five years of age.The HFMD is seasonal,with a high incidence,and diverse in clinical manifestations.Once an outbreak or epidemic occurs,it will seriously threaten children’s health.The domestic EV71 inactivated vaccine is one of the effective measures to prevent and control of HFMD,but the vaccine can only protect HFMD caused by EV71 enterovirus.At present,other types of HFMD vaccines have been developed all over the world,including inactivated vaccines,live attenuated vaccines,virus-like particle vaccines and subunit vaccines.This article mainly reviews the epidemiological characteristics of HFMD in China and the research progress on the related HFMD vaccines.