人呼吸道合胞病毒疫苗的研究进展

Progress in development of human respiratory syncytial virus vaccines

人呼吸道合胞病毒(human respiratory syncytial virus,HRSV)是导致婴幼儿和老年人下呼吸道感染的主要病原体,给世界各国公共卫生安全造成了极大的威胁,迄今尚无批准上市的HRSV疫苗。福尔马林灭活HRSV疫苗(formalin-inactivated HRSV vaccine,FI-HRSV)临床试验的失败表明HRSV疫苗研发存在多重难以克服的技术困难,此后该疫苗的研发进展极其缓慢。近年来,HRSV蛋白结构的深入解析为HRSV疫苗研发提供了新靶点,使HRSV疫苗的研发策略迅速增多,许多HRSV疫苗相继进入关键性研究阶段。目前,全球有19种HRSV疫苗正在开展临床试验,还有许多不同类型的候选疫苗也正在进行临床前的测试。现从减毒活疫苗、载体疫苗、亚单位疫苗和颗粒疫苗4个方面对HRSV疫苗的研发情况作一概述。

Human respiratory syncytial virus(HRSV)is the main pathogen that causes lower respiratory tract infection in infants and the elderly,which poses a great threat to public health and safety in countries around the world.Up to now,HRSV vaccine has been approved for marketing.The failure of the formalin-inactivated HRSV vaccine(FI-HRSV)in clinical trial revealed the great difficulty,and development of vaccines and the development of HRSV vaccine was extremely slow since then.Based on the structure analysis of HRSV proteins,new targets have been used for development of HRSV vaccines,and more strategies have been used for the development of HRSV vaccines.Many HRSV vaccines have entered clinical phases.Currently,there are 19 RSV vaccines in clinical trials worldwide,while others are in preclinical stages.Here,we review the progress in the development of the HRSV vaccines in different stages,including:live attenuated vaccine,vector-based vaccine,subunit vaccine,and particle-based vaccine.